Xue, G., Mei, L., Chen, C., Lu, Z-L., Poldrack, R., Dong, Q. These two methods are widely used in the 7spell activities and games to create the link between instruction and memory that is so crucial in effective spelling learning on the student's part. They conclude that there are two primary methods of reinforcing active memory and behavior: by creating a different way to test the subject's memory, and by providing the opportunity for intensive focused repetition of that stimulus-behavior response. In this research done at the University of Vermont, the authors studied the ways in which the information connected to a specific behavior is retained when the stimulus is removed, and how subsequent repetition or reward reinforces information recall and a resumption of previously learned behaviors. Instrumental learning, also called "operant conditioning," is a method by which behaviors are learned in connection with a stimulus, a reward, or both. "Relapse processes after the extinction of instrumental learning: Renewal, resurgence, and reacquisition." Behavioural Processes, May 2012, 90(1): 130–141. Because the user can access their progress charts at any time, they will always be able to see how close they are to achieving their personal spelling goals.īuton, M., Winterbauer, N., and Todd, T. Status points, rewards, and real-time progress tracking are all methods used in 7spell to encourage frequent spelling practice by awarding points for the completion of exercises and activities. The study also confirms that most people are also motivated by receiving rewards for completing specific activities, even if those rewards are not immediately transferable to actual material or monetary benefits. In a study focusing on the influence of reward-scheme programs on behavior, the authors found that when people see visible progress towards their goals they are more likely to increase the activity required to reach those goals. "The Goal-Gradient Hypothesis Resurrected: Purchase Acceleration, Illusionary Goal Progress, and Customer Retention." Journal of Marketing Research, February 2006, 43(1):39-58. This is something that 7spell accomplishes by providing each user with the ability to set personal goals, earn reward points, and view their own progress tracking reports, and also to publish all of those results on public social media platforms. The authors conclude that effective use of motivational strategies must take both into account. This analysis of past and current studies looks at the way people view and are motivated by individual goals as well as societal achievement (competition). Įach person is influenced by a unique set of factors related to their own status and progress towards goals, but is also affected to a greater or lesser degree by the achievements and perceived standards of the people around them. "The Psychology of Competition: A Social Comparison Perspective." Perspectives on Psychological Science, November 2013, 8(6):634-650. With 7spell, the user is given a wide range of additional information about each spelling word, including the word's definition - one of the key factors in enhanced memory, according to this study - as well as usage examples, synonyms, and antonyms. They discovered that when the information provided stimulated the participant's brain to process the word on a more involved level (referred to as "deep encoding" or "degree of elaboration" in the study), that word was more effectively learned and remembered. In this seminal study performed at the University of Toronto, Canada, the authors performed a series of tests in which they gave the study participants a sequence of words to learn, with information related to each word as it appeared in order. "Depth of processing and the retention of words in episodic memory." Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, Vol 104(3) (1975): 268-294. Here is a summary of the theory and research behind 7spell's effectiveness.Ĭraik, F., and Tulving, E. 7spell is scientifically designed, and utilizes principles based on decades of research in learning, retention, and psychology.
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Your experience on Ultima Online Forever will go as far as your imagination will take you. Players can purchase donation coins for aesthetic items only, meaning that, purchasable items will never give one player an advantage over another. There is no “pay to play” on Ultima Online Forever. Molten Mongbats can be kited away, peaced and only do melee damage. Dragons break out of peace quick and do lots of dmg. Ultima Online Forever has an active community with more than 800 players and a lively Discord. For a solo peacemaking tamer from 95-97.5: I would recommend Molten Mongbats in Inferno lvl2 over Dragons. However, the risk comes with great reward. Only within the city limits is a player safe. There are no luck or lower reg cost suits. There are no bags of sending or insurance on items. What you won't find on Ultima Online Forever is Trammel or a broken economy. Hunt in the original dungeons that we all remember and cherish, or in one of the shard's several unique dungeons. Join Militias and fight others while earning your guild rewards. Hunt monsters on contract to reap great rewards. Raise a dragon or spider pet from an egg. Here you can explore the darkest and dankest of dungeons or sail across the world on a large galleon to fish and find treasure – while dodging pirates along the way.Ī land where you can choose to be a stalwart defender who uses the force of their arms and armor to protect those around you, or a despicable villain who preys on those who take a wrong turn into danger. Clicking on an animal once (if it's tamable) will bring up a 'Tame' button. Higher levels in taming allow you to train much tougher creatures such as Dragons while lower level taming allows you to tame basic animals such as horses. Build and decorate a home, whether a small fishing shanty by the water, or a castle in the mountains. Animal Taming is a skill that allows you to tame pets to become your allies. It's a world where your character can craft their own weapons, armor, potions, and equipment. It's a world where players can be what they want – a mage, a fighter, a crafter, a tamer of beasts or a pirate. Ultima Online Forever is more than a game. Repeat until the desired level is achieved.īear in mind that being able to attempt Peacemaking on some higher-level creatures, such as Balrons or Ancient Wyrms, requires extremely high levels of Peacemaking due to their high Barding Difficulty rating.On January 18th, 2013, Ultima Online Forever was launched providing players from around the globe a free shard that pays homage to the Renaissance era of the original Ultima Online with all of its nostalgia, while always building on and expanding the game to offer new and exclusive content. Use the Peacemaking skill and target yourself(Area Peacemaking). Obtain a few dozen musical instruments, either from a carpenter or NPC. Targted Peacemaking was introduced with Publish 16. If successful, the targeted creature will either remain non-aggressive or stop attacking it's target until a sufficient attack upon it breaks the trance or the bard loses line of sight for more than 10 seconds.Įach time Targeted Peacemaking is attempted, a difficulty check is performed based on the creature's Barding Difficulty versus the attempting character's combined skill in Musicianship and Peacemaking. Players will have to re-attack their targets.Īctivate the skill via macro or skill button and target a creature. If successful, all aggression in the area will cease for a few moments. Peacemaking skill has two different modes, Area Peacemaking and Targeted Peacemaking.Īctivate the skill via macro or skill button and target yourself. While a useful skill for a Bard in it's own right, it is also valuable to possess, or assist other players with, when it comes to Animal Taming or Treasure Hunting. To successfully be able to use this skill also requires some level of Musicianship skill as well. In a nutshell, the soothing music of a successful attempt causes those to whom it is directed to relax and stop fighting. The Peacemaking skill is one of the Bard-themed skills and is sometimes called Peacing for short. Gameplay Resource Pack: The resource pack is prompting to be downloaded (via Server Resource pack) to make counter-strike like textures. Based off the map Aztec in the Counter-Strike series. Based off the map Dust2 in the Counter-Strike series.Ī preserved temple, in which you can run through the overgrown stone buildings, or under in a marshy area. You cannot open the doors into the buildings. ( Added in the Mar 2017 Update)Ī desert town with the bomb sites near the Cop spawn point. It is based off the map Cache in Counter-Strike:GO. It features both indoor and outdoor sections that can be accessed through many different entrances. It is based off Sandstorm and the map Dust2 in the Counter-Strike series.Ī map that is said to take near a power plant. ( Added in the 2017 Update)Ī fallen city in which it has the same lay-out as Sandstorm, but is more open and stone-based. It was added, fixed, then removed in mid 2017. ( Added in the Feb 2016 Update)Ī melon factory in which you could travel on two different floors, as well as outside near the T spawn. Roam the halls and upper floors of this map. Based off the map Nuke in the Counter-Strike series.Īn abandoned hanger in which you can travel around models of aircraft. Based off the map Inferno in the Counter-Strike series.Ī nuclear research facility with radioactive technology, where players can roam the roofs and inside the facility itself. When you die you stay frozen in one spot as to prevent ghosting in things like competitive matches.Ī small village where you can go inside most of the buildings to manoeuvre around the map. Coins, Achievements, Karma, Statistics, Quests, and Challenges are disabled in this mode as well. You must pick a team in Challenge Mode as well or you will be a spectator- and random choice was removed as well. Money comes in slower in Challenge Mode than normal Defusal. Money is defaulted $800, but costs are also reduced. If you bought the Pocket Change upgrade in the shop, it does not convert into Challenge mode. Rounds are upped in this mode, as you only need to have 5 rounds to win in normal Defusal, but you need 7 in Challenge Mode Defusal. Nothing is changed in Team Deathmatch, but there are some switches in Challenge Mode Defusal than regular defusal. This is a mode where you can play either Defusal or Team Deathmatch with a party from 8-16 players. All weapons and grenades can also be purchased for free. Unlike Defusal Mode, upon death you can respawn an infinite amount of times and also keep your weapon that you purchased on death, you will also be slightly invulnerable for a few seconds upon respawning, until you move or fire a gun. Challenges require you to kill a player(s) with specific weapons in 60 seconds. the M4 gives 7 points and the USP gives 24). Note that different guns give different amount of points (e.g. Points are earned through killing other players and completing challenges. This time the objective is to reach 1000 points faster than the enemy team. When the game starts, all players will also be split into the same two teams as in Defusal Mode. Note: you can drop the bomb by hitting 'Q' if you're the bomb carrier, and upon death, you drop the weapon in the primary slot and a defusal kit (unless you did not buy one), unless you do not have a gun in the primary slot in which you will drop your pistol and a defusal kit (unless you did not buy one). If they manage to plant the bomb, your team has to then defuse the bomb before the timer runs out. The Cops' objective is to kill all the Criminals and prevent them from planting the bomb. They can also win by killing all the Cops. Once the bomb explodes the Criminals win. Once the bomb is planted on one of the sites the Criminals have to prevent it from getting defused by the Cops. The person who receives the bomb is completely random every round. The Criminal's objective is to escort the bomb (C4) carrier to Bombsite A or B. When the game starts, all players will be split into two teams, the Cops or the Crims (Criminals).
(k) Depression of the mandible opens the mouth, while elevation closes it. (j) Protraction of the mandible pushes the chin forward, and retraction pulls the chin back. (i) Eversion of the foot moves the bottom (sole) of the foot away from the midline of the body, while foot inversion faces the sole toward the midline. (g) Supination of the forearm turns the hand to the palm forward position in which the radius and ulna are parallel, while forearm pronation turns the hand to the palm backward position in which the radius crosses over the ulna to form an “X.” (h) Dorsiflexion of the foot at the ankle joint moves the top of the foot toward the leg, while plantar flexion lifts the heel and points the toes. Medial and lateral rotation of the upper limb at the shoulder or lower limb at the hip involves turning the anterior surface of the limb toward the midline of the body (medial or internal rotation) or away from the midline (lateral or external rotation).įigure 2. (f) Turning of the head side to side or twisting of the body is rotation. Adduction/abduction and circumduction take place at the shoulder, hip, wrist, metacarpophalangeal, and metatarsophalangeal joints. Circumduction is the movement of the limb, hand, or fingers in a circular pattern, using the sequential combination of flexion, adduction, extension, and abduction motions. Adduction brings the limb or hand toward or across the midline of the body, or brings the fingers or toes together. Moving the limb or hand laterally away from the body, or spreading the fingers or toes, is abduction. (e) Abduction and adduction are motions of the limbs, hand, fingers, or toes in the coronal (medial–lateral) plane of movement. (c)–(d) Anterior bending of the head or vertebral column is flexion, while any posterior-going movement is extension. These movements take place at the shoulder, hip, elbow, knee, wrist, metacarpophalangeal, metatarsophalangeal, and interphalangeal joints. (a)–(b) Flexion and extension motions are in the sagittal (anterior–posterior) plane of motion. Synovial joints give the body many ways in which to move. Refer to Figure 1 as you go through this section.įigure 1. Body movements are always described in relation to the anatomical position of the body: upright stance, with upper limbs to the side of body and palms facing forward. Movement types are generally paired, with one being the opposite of the other. In reality, all movements involves movements in more than one dimension. For example, running is often considered to be a movement in the sagittal plane. There is a tendency when describing a movement to refer it to the particular plane that it is dominated by. There are three axes of rotation that correspond to each of the three planes: Movement at a joint takes place in a plane about an axis. Rotations and twisting motions fall under this plane (internal rotation, external rotation).Īn axis is a straight line around which a limb rotates. The transverse plane lies horizontally and divides the body into superior and inferior. Lateral movements that involves the limbs moving away and towards the body fall under this plane (adduction, abduction). The frontal plane also lies vertically but divides the body into anterior and posterior parts. Forward and backward movements fall into this plane (flexion, extension). The sagittal plane lies vertically and divides the body into right and left parts. Planes describe the direction of the movement. At each joint, we can break down the movement into three planes. In order to describe movements we typically break down the movement and describe what is occurring at every joint. There are many types of movement that can occur at synovial joints ( Table 1). Overall, each type of synovial joint is necessary to provide the body with its great flexibility and mobility. While the ball-and-socket joint gives the greatest range of movement at an individual joint, in other regions of the body, several joints may work together to produce a particular movement. The type of movement that can be produced at a synovial joint is determined by its structural type. Each movement at a synovial joint results from the contraction or relaxation of the muscles that are attached to the bones on either side of the articulation. Synovial joints allow the body a tremendous range of movements. That's technically true because 'The Hidden and Unknown' is even more expensive at $1,999. It's not like you'll find similarly priced games. The Oxford English Dictionary dates “color me” to 1963 (and cites an unattributed example from that year in a promotion for the US TV comedy “I’m Dickens, He’s Fenster”), but, given the fact that coloring books first became available in the late 1870s, I’d be surprised if the phrase weren’t quite a bit older.WTF?! There are some expensive items for sale on Steam, though most of them are pieces of hardware, such as the Valve Index VR headset and the Steam Deck. A few years of seeing such instructions and you’re ready, decades later when your husband strays, to declare “color me stupid.”Ĭoloring books also develop hand-eye coordination in young children, and generations of teachers urging their charges to “color inside the lines” of the drawings in coloring books have given us “color inside the lines” as a useful metaphor for “follow the rules.” Children armed with a box of crayons of various colors would be instructed by the books to “color the trees green” or “color the pond blue,” thus learning to recognize the words “tree” and “pond” as well as the colors themselves. I’m talking about coloring books for very young children (kinda like iPads, but made from paper). The fact that the internet is apparently awash in people looking for an explanation of “color me” phrases would tend to indicate that the technology, or lack thereof, that underlies the idiom has, sadly, largely dropped from our radar in recent years. Color me gone.” 1963), although it can be used to impart serious emotion as well (“Well, color me stupid, because I didn’t want to believe he was seeing another woman,” T. In its most basic sense, “color me” means “consider me” or “regard me as,” often in a jocular sense (“Me - I just left. “Color” as a verb has been used in a variety of senses, most of which involve either literally or metaphorically applying color (either literal or figurative) to something, which brings us to “color me stupid” and similar “color me” or “color him/her/them” phrases. Since the early 18th century, “color” has also been used to mean “features that make something interesting,” as in “local color” or “color commentary” in sports matches. One of the more interesting uses of “color” has been to mean “pretext” or “excuse” (“The transfer was only a colour for an advance of money,” 1855). The earliest senses of “color” were those related, as you’d expect, to hue, tint, pigment, etc., but almost immediately we also began to employ “color” in various figurative senses, usually regarding appearances, authority or other intangible aspects of society (“This … would at once give the movement the colour of a general revolt,” 1941). However you choose to spell it, “color” comes ultimately from Latin roots that carried the sense of “covering, concealment.” “Color” is frequently spelled “colour” in British English, reflecting its Anglo-Norman heritage, but “color” is far more frequent elsewhere. The common noun “color” first appeared in English in the early 13th century, and the verb “to color” followed in the 14th. “Color me cautious,” for instance, seems more vivid, and less dismissive, than the dull “I’m skeptical.” Of course, that “color me extremely unconvinced” is pretty dismissive, just a tad shy of declaring something (in that case, a silly theory about “moolah”) to be “utter hogwash.” But it was. But “color me” as a rhetorical device is useful. Thanks to the awesome power of The Google, I see that my website boasts one “color me envious,” one “color me cautious,” a “color me psychic,” a somewhat wobbly “color me extremely unconvinced,” and three, count ’em, three, instances of “color me stupid.” I guess “stupid” wins. I do seem to have used the phrase without explanation quite a few times in my columns. I’ve heard it and used it often myself but where, may I ask, does it come from? - Mark. Dear Word Detective: The phrase “color me ” appears numerous times on your site. If not, maybe the mod community might be able to save Sam from himself. None of these issues are game-breaking, and a day-one patch launches along with the game, so there's a chance these issues could be fixed. Serious Sam 4 has an unfinished, lifeless feeling that permeates through the game. Sometimes they even miss their cues during cutscenes. In my playtime, I watched bodies skate across the landscape at top speed or die in place with no animation at all. Textures fail to load in properly, objects pass right through characters, and the physics are all over the place. Serious Sam takes you across Italy and the French countryside, but you'd be forgiven if you couldn't tell one from the other. Janky animations and thousand-mile stares make it feel like I'm watching mannequins that have sprung to life.Įnvironments don't fare much better either. Sometimes audio comes in too loud, too low, or doesn't match the subtitles at all. Sometimes they don't even blink! The audio is also poorly mixed. Character models look nice enough, but their janky animations and thousand-mile stares make it feel like I'm watching mannequins that have sprung to life. There's a distinct lack of polish throughout the game that detracts from the overall experience. You can tell immediately from the opening scene to the end credits. Unfortunately for fans expecting this game to be a step forward for the series, Serious Sam 4 is a mess. Source: Windows Central / Zackery Cuevas (Image credit: Source: Windows Central / Zackery Cuevas) NOTE: Angel Stone is a Free-to-Play Fantasy MMORPG. Enjoy the best online MMO role playing games experience on mobile Fight for survival alongside your Guild in online co-op raids Challenge other players in Ranked online epic PVP battles > THE MOST EXCITING GAMEPLAY ONLINE MMO RPG ADVENTURE GAMES Upgrade your weapons and armor to maximize your damage and resistance Collect legendary loots after every epic battle in beautifully designed AI dungeon Be amazed by beautifully designed full hd 3D design graphics Mix and match over 100+ powerful skills that suit your hero class and play style Hunt wild demons across rift of several AI dungeon in this hack and slash adventure RPG games Discover the legendary diabolical worlds of Angel Stone Upgrade your weapons and armor! Level up your skills! Share epic loots with your friends and guild members in online dungeon crawler co-op game mode! Clash against other players with Real-time online PVP Battles! Angel Stone gives you the best online MMO RPG games experience on your mobile. An epic battle with glory.Įxperience the Action and Adventure Gameplay in the immersive hack-and-slash combat in Angel Stone ARPG! Raid powerful demons with the league of legends in the wild rift of epic dungeons to become the legendary demon hunter! Rise up, lead the resistance and hack-and-slash your way to victory! Together, we shall end the legacy of discord and injustice among us!īecome the legends of the Epic mobile dungeon crawler! choose among the three playable Hero Classes in Angel Stone: Berserkers, Shadow Mages, and Gunslingers. Only you, a dauntless warrior of valor, bound by the blade to bring the light and peace back to this dark and evil world. Embark on an Epic Roleplaying Adventure quest into the dark demonic World of Dungeons! Arise! Angel Stone, the action-packed hack and slash mobile MMORPG game set in an epic 3D design post-apocalyptic world of war.ĭiabolical darkness rises from the shadows of the battlefield arena. Instead, Mayor Onion is giving you tasks to complete in order to get your greenhouse back. So when Turnip Boy rips up his taxes and loses his greenhouse in civil forfeiture, there’s not a long-drawn-out quest to get it back. The world map isn’t particularly big, there are maybe 30 to 40 total screens in this 2D action/adventure game. So the developers at Snoozy Kazoo didn’t try to make something bigger than they could handle, and that type of restraint is downright refreshing.Įverything in Turnip Boy seems to be done on a small scale. You can only say so much with a game, especially if that game needs to be low-budget, especially if that game has a small team, especially if that game has a smaller scope. Without trying to be more than it was actually made me respect the game more. I was able to see it for what it was, a humorous story told through an action/adventure lens. Turnip Boy isn’t looking to do anything groundbreaking though. Everything seemed to run as it was supposed to. No artistic glitches, nothing that prevented me from moving forward or playing the game. In fact, many of the jokes are made as in-world humor with either real-world or pop-culture references sprinkled in.Īs a genre piece, it’s not that great. However, there are actually very few genre jokes. Turnip Boy falls into the Legend of Zelda style Action/Adventure genre, where there are dungeons with puzzles and you need items to complete those puzzles. MonsterVine was supplied with a Steam code for reviewĪ common problem with humorous games is that they make a fairly standard, milquetoast game in a genre and try to pepper in humor as an edgy or fun take on the genre. Nope, in Turnip Boy Commits Tax Evasion you take control of Turnip Boy as he rips up various documents and pays for his crime of tax evasion. How about Final Fantasy where there are no final fantasies? It’s just nonsense that makes me wonder if the people who named the game even played the game! This is why I was so pleased to find out that Turnip Boy Commits Tax Evasion was about a boy turnip that ripped up his taxes and evaded paying them! I was so worried this game would be about the Bureau of Control or life on the Borderlands. Games like Infamous where you can be a good guy or Destiny where you can go around simply teabagging opponents. The one thing I really hate about video games is how arbitrary the names of video games can be. Release Date: Janu| Developer: Ryu Ga Gotoku Studio | IGN's Yakuza 0 Video Review | IGN’s Yakuza 0 Wiki SEGA and RGG Studio will first release the previously Japan-exclusive Yakuza samurai spin-off Like a Dragon: Ishin! on February 21 and Like a Dragon Gaiden: The Man Who Erased His Name later in 2023. The series' next mainline game, due out in 2024, is officially called Like a Dragon 8. While its melee combat may lag slightly behind modern genre standards, Yakuza 0 still hits far more than it misses and is a big, bold and bruising tour through the Japanese underworld. Since it’s a prequel, it’s also unburdened by the series’ increasingly intricate backstory and thus supremely approachable for newcomers. Yakuza 0 is the high bar for SEGA's long-running open-world series, packed with an extraordinary amount of things to do and centered around a genuinely compelling crime story. Release Date: Febru| Developer: Respawn Entertainment | IGN's Apex Legends Video Review | IGN’s Apex Legends Wiki 22. The new season took away Arenas, but it managed to bring better updates, including Team Deathmode, an overhauled class system, and the Nemesis Burst AR. With constant updates and new limited-time game modes being switched in and out, Apex Legends is a high-octane game that constantly leaves you wanting to go for "just one more match."Īpex Legends Season 16: Revelry launched on February 14. Similar to how Overwatch operates, the roster of different heroes allows players to constantly change their playstyles in order to secure the win. In addition to its faster pace, Apex incorporates the use of specific "Legends" who all have different skills and abilities that create the need for teams to work together and synergize between the different characters. Set in the universe of Respawn's Titanfall series, Apex utilizes similar gameplay mechanics which give it a unique edge over other battle royale games. Apex LegendsĪmid the rise of the battle royale genre, Apex Legends manages to stand out, even as a later addition to the fray. Release Date: Janu| Developer: Capcom | IGN's Monster Hunter World Video Review | IGN’s Monster Hunter World Wiki 23. Also, Monster Hunter World: Iceborne has sold over 10 million copies as of January 19. Series fans will be happy to hear Monster Hunter Rise is now available on PS4 as well. Monster Hunter World made our list of the 10 best co-op games. For a series that can take some learning to get the hang of, Monster Hunter World produced a fully realized, expansive world. The long-running Monster Hunter series broke through with the 2018 hit Monster Hunter World, which not only impressed us with its rewarding gameplay but also with how accessible the game proved to be. Release Date: Ma| Developer: PlatinumGames | IGN's Nier: Automata Video Review | IGN's Nier: Automata Wiki 24. Three episodes of the series have been aired so far, but it went into hiatus with the fourth episode due to COVID-19. Nier: Automata has been adapted into an anime titled Nier: Automata Ver1.1a, which came out in Japan on January 8, 2023. There are few games that attempt what Nier: Automata does, and it’s absolutely worth checking out this Yoko Taro-directed adventure. Taking place in a futuristic dystopia, this “action-RPG” offers a roller coaster of different gameplay opportunities, wrapped up in a fascinating story that has many multiple endings that encourage poking into every corner of this engrossing world. There are few games like Automata, which bounces between game genres and styles with aplomb. Nier: Automata delivers a ridiculously entertaining journey full of awesome ideas that is equal parts strange and beautiful. Turn up Masking while holding the Option/Alt key to see what areas will be sharpened (they appear in white). Generally, settings of Sharpness: Amount 25, Radius 1 work well. The Detail panel allows you to set the noise reduction and sharpness as you like it, one of the benefits of shooting Raw. Step 3 – Adobe Camera Raw or Lightroom – Detail Or under the pull-down menu in the Presets tab go to Camera Raw Defaults to set all back to zero. Use Command/Control Z to Undo, or double click on a slider to snap it back to zero. Clarity and Vibrance improves midrange contrast and colour intensity. You can adjust Contrast, and recover details in the Highlights and Shadows (turn the latter up to show details in starlit landscapes). For the latter, use the White Balance Tool (the eyedropper, keyboard shortcut I) to click on an area that should be neutral in colour. The Basics panel (the first tab) allows you to fix Exposure and White Balance. Lightroom defaults to 16-bit and the AdobeRGB colour space. In Adobe Camera Raw be sure to first set the Workflow Preset (the blue link at the bottom of the screen) to 16 bits/channel and ProPhoto RGB colour space, for maximum tonal range. In Lightroom select the images and switch to its Develop module. From Bridge, double click on raw images and they will open in ACR. Step 2 – Adobe Camera Raw or Lightroom – Basics Never, ever save images to only one location. Mark images with star ratings or colour labels, and group images together (called “stacking” in Bridge), such as frames for a panorama or “high dynamic range” set.Īlways save images to both your working drive and to an external drive (which itself should automatically back up to yet another external drive). Once imported, you can review images, keeping the best and tossing the rest. As you import, you can also choose to convert and save images into the open and more universal Adobe DNG format, rather than keep them in the camera’s proprietary Raw format. Use Adobe Bridge (shown above) or Lightroom to import the images from your camera’s card.Īs you do so you can add “metadata” to each image – your personal information, copyright, keywords, etc. Step 1 – Bridge or Lightroom – Import & Select Otherwise, you need to export frames from Lightroom – or from Photoshop – as “intermediate” JPGs (see Step 6), then use other third party programs to assemble them into movies (Step 10B). To use Lightroom to assemble a time-lapse movie from processed Raw frames you need the third-party program LRTimelapse, described below. Turn to Photoshop to perform advanced filtering, masking and stacking (Steps 7 to 10). However, my illustrations show Adobe Bridge, Camera Raw and Photoshop CC 2014. The Develop module of Lightroom is identical to Adobe Camera Raw (ACR for short). In my preferred “workflow,” Steps 1 through 6 can be performed in either Photoshop (using its ancillary programs Bridge and Adobe Camera Raw) or in Adobe Lightroom. NOTE: Click on any of the screen shots below for a full-res version that will be easier to see. In a “10 Steps” tutorial I review my tips for going from “raw to rave” in processing a nightscape or time-lapse sequence. |
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